Unit+3

= = =**Section 1** = ==****__Vocabulary__** ** ==

Placer Mining : Is the mining of alluvial deposits for minerals

Quartz Mining:  T he mining of gold-bearing quartz

Vigilance Committee: A volunteer committee to maintain order where an efficient legal system does not exist

Open Range: A cattle- or sheep-ranching area characterized by a general absence of fences.

Long drive: The overland drive of cattle from Texas along one of the trails that ended at a railroad line in "cow towns" like Abilene, Kansas. The big era of the long drive came after the Civil War, and was made possible by the spread of new rail lines.

Homestead: land acquired from the United States public lands by filing a record and living on and cultivating it under the homestead law

Assimilate:  Become similar to one's environment; "Immigrants often want to assimilate quickly"

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=**Section 2** =

**__Vocabulary__**
Gross National Product: Former measure of the United States economy; the total market value of goods and services produced by all citizens and capital during a given period (usually 1 yr)

Entrepreneur: Someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it

Laissez-Faire: <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 19px;"> I ndividualism: the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs

Corporation: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state

Vertical Integration: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution

Horizontal Integration: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level

Monopoly: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 19px;">A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller; "a monopoly on silver"; "when you have a monopoly you can ask any price you like"

Marxism: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 19px;"> T he economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism

Industrial Union <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">: A labor union that admits all workers in a given industry irrespective of their craft

Closed Shop: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 19px;"> A company that hires only union members

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=<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Section 3** =

<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**__Vocabulary__**
====<span style="font-size: 1.066em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> Nativism: T <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">he policy of perpetuating native cultures (in opposition to acculturation) ====

=<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">** Tenement: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">A run-down apartment house barely meeting minimal standards ** =

Political Machine: M <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">achine: a group that controls the activities of a political party; "he was endorsed by the Democratic machine"

Graft:

= = =<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Section 4** =

<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**__Vocabulary__**
==<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> Individualism: I <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">ndividuality: the quality of being individual; "so absorbed by the movement that she lost all sense of individuality"   ==

Social Darwinism: Social Darwinism is a pejorative term used in criticism of ideologies or ideas concerning their exploitation of concepts in biology and social sciences to artificially create political change that reduces the fertility of certain individuals, races, and subcultures having certain "undesired ...

Philanthropy: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 19px;"> V oluntary promotion of human welfare

Settlement House: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 19px;"> A center in an underprivileged area that provides community services

Americanization: <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 19px;"> A ssimilation into American culture

=<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Section 5** =

<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**__Vocabulary__**
Volume: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A volume is a term in data compression for a file that has been compressed and split into different parts.

Populism: T <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">he political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite

Inflation : <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">In economics, inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.

Deflation: A <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"> general and progressive increase in prices; "in inflation everything gets more valuable except money"

Graduated income tax: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A progressive tax is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases.

Poll Tax: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A Tax of a fixed amount per person and payable as a requirement for the right to vote

Prospective: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Of or concerned with or related to the future; "prospective earnings"; "a prospective mother"; "a prospective bride"; "the statute is solely prospective in operation"

Grandfather Clause: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">An exemption based on circumstances existing prior to the adoption of some policy; used to enfranchise illiterate whites in south after the American Civil War

Segregation: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups

Jim Crow laws: <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for black Americans.