Unit+1

__**VOCABULARY**__

__** civilization: **__ a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations); "the people slowly progressed from barbarism to civilization"

__** joint - **__ stock company:a company (usually unincorporated) which has the capital of its members pooled in a common fund; transferable shares represent ownership interest; shareholders are legally liable for all debts of the company

__** Pilgrim: **__ someone who journeys in foreign lands

__** subsistence farming: **__ farming that provides for the basic needs of the farmer without surpluses for marketing

__** proprietary colony: **__ a colony given to a proprietor to govern (in 17th century)

__** indentured servant: **__ An indentured servant was a worker, typically a laborer, under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities. ...

__** triangular trade: **__ Triangular trade, or Triangle trade, is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come. ...

__** slave code: **__ Any of several laws that regulated slavery

Fishing
 * What was the main food source for the northwest?**


 * Why were great plains people nomadic?**

If they lived on coast they fish if they live in mountains they hunt.
 * How did climate and food sources help shape Native American lifestyles?**

Initial contact with Europeans introduced a large number of diseases to the native population.
 * Why did millions of Native Americans die as a result of contact with Europeans?**

England was ruling unfairly, and people wanted to get away.
 * Why did English colonists come to America?**

Settlements that were formed on religious basis were governed much differently than those that were formed for agriculture.
 * How did the types of settlements influence the way each was governed?**

= Part 2 =

__**Vocabulary**__


 * mercantilism -** an economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests


 * Enlightenment -** education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge


 * Great Awakening -** The Great Awakening was a religious revival in American religious history


 * customs duty -** a tariff or tax on the import of or export of goods


 * committee of correspondence -** bodies organized by the local governments of the Thirteen Colonies before the American Revolution for the purposes of coordinating written communication outside of the colonies


 * minuteman -** an American militiaman prior to and during the American Revolution


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describe the causes that led the colonies to declare their independence. taxation without representation led to a lot of debt for america

In what ways did the Navigation Acts affect trade in the colonies? it required that all colonial trade be carried in ships built and owned by English or colonial merchants and made trade with countries other than england almost impossible.

 How did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening affect the established order? religion became a huge factor in government.

mostly taxes
 * What disagreements arose between Britain and the colonies in the 1700s?**

they were fed up with the crap and fights britain was starting and the taxes being piled on them.
 * Why did the colonies declare their independence?**

the battle of saratoga
 * Which major battle during the war was a turning point for the Americans?**

look at the boston tea party
 * indicate ways in which colonists defied Britain’s attempts at regulation and taxation.**


 * pamphlet :** Unjust taxation by the crown


 * Over a century and a half ago, Sir Edward Coke suggested that we owe our allegiance to our Liege or King so long as the crown is benevolent to his subjects. So long as he (King George III) acts in the interests of his loyal subjects in the American colonies, we owe our loyalty and lives in service to him. But, when he breaks faith with us, as evident by his unjust taxation of us through the stamp act, we owe him NOTHING! If our king was to hearken to the voice of the people and render us due consideration, then we might subject ourselves to the bondage of such "intolerable acts" (though he has accused us of such crimes). However, taxation without representation is a bondage which we cannot, nay will not, long endure.**


 * John Locke describes a social contract. Since our liege has broken faith with us through his unjust taxation, we have the right to cast off the fetters which the crown places upon us and enter a social contract derived from the consent of the governed. Should the king have his way with the stamp act and tax every scrap of paper used by the colonists, we would not be free to wipe our own butts without yielding to unjust taxation. We would have to place a taxation collection box outside every outhouse from New England to the Carolinas! Shall we endure such injustice from a monarch thousands of miles away across the vast Atlantic? I say, NAY! WE SHALL** NOT**!**


 * Let the colonies unite as free and independent states. Let us cast off the taxes and injustices of an inattentive and greedy king. Shall we support his gluttony? Shall the ardor of our labor be spent for his leisure? Or should we combine to stand against this stamp act and thereby discover the power of our autonomy? I leave it to you to determine the American course - Shall we continue in serfdom to the crown or live as free men entitled to liberty by the Creator of all men?**

__**Part 3**__

__**Vocabulary**__ republic, a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

recession, a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters.

popular sovereignty, expresses a concept and does not necessarily reflect or describe a political reality.[1] It is often contrasted with the concept of individual sovereignty. Benjamin Franklin expressed the concept when he wrote, "In free governments, the rulers are the servants and the people their superiors and sovereigns.

federalism, the federal principle or system of government

separation of powers, the action or state of moving or being moved apart

checks and balances, counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.

veto, a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body

amendment, a minor change in a document

ratification, sign or give formal consent to (a treaty, contract, or agreement), making it officially valid. See note at approve.

__**People and Terms**__
 * Articles of Confederation, Northwest Ordinance, Shays’s Rebellion, Constitutional Convention, Great Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise, Federalists, Antifederalists**
 * __ Questions __**
 * In what ways was the Confederation Congress ineffective? The Articles of confederation were unable to provide a solid monetary or money system to protect commerce. The Articles of Confederation did not give congress the power to enforce laws,pay taxes or unify the states. Also, the Articles did allow congress to ask for money but never demand it. Now, congress could only pass a law if 9 states approved it and still had no power to enforce those laws on independent states.Also, unlike the state constitutions, the Articles did not provide for a Governor of for courts.Moreover, the Articles of Confederation could not ever be amended unless ratified in a unanimous vote by all 13 states making it hard for congress to amend or change the Articles of Confederation **


 * What was Shays's Rebellion?** (1786 – 87) Uprising in western Massachusetts. In a period of economic depression and land seizures for debt collection, several hundred farmers led by Daniel Shays (1747? – 1825), who had served as a captain in the Revolutionary army, marched on the state supreme court in Springfield, preventing it from carrying out and debt collection. Shays then led about 1,200 men in an attack on the nearby federal arsenal, but they were repulsed by troops under Benjamin Lincoln. As a result of the uprising, the state enacted laws easing the economic condition of debtors.


 * Describe the "northwest ordinance"** An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Ordinance) was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States. The primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River. On August 7, 1789, the U.S. Congress affirmed the Ordinance with slight modifications under the Constitution.


 * What compromises did the delegates agree on during the convention?**

Most prabably the greatest compromise would be the decision to create both the house and the Senate. This created a balance between giving control to states or popular vote.

 The Great Compromise: made Congress a bicameral legislature, with one house having representation based on population of the state (House of Representatives), and the other with equal representation (Senate)  The 3/5 Compromise: made each slave count as 3/5 of a person in population counting.


 * Why was it important for slave states to have slaves counted in the population?**
 * More delegates in the house of repisenative. **

Two house chamber
 * What does "bi-lateral house mean"?**

I think we are with A one house legislature.
 * Do you think we are better off with a two house system or should we have a one house legislature?**